Christianity and Slavery In Early American Literature Essay

In the 18th -19th centuries religion had a great influence on culture and literature. The American society created a unique culture influenced by its norms and traditions, historical and political development, Christianity and slavery. Dogmas and norms of the society were embodied in the religious tradition and transferred into literature. Religion and slavery did not independently becoming an integral part of culture. Thesis Early American Literature reflects cultural norms and tradition of the society and shows that blacks and whites were united by virtues and religious dogmas of Christianity. Early American Literature show that with the help of literature, people embodies their beliefs and hopes, ideas and ideals. Christianity and church was a strong force which dictated social norms and social order. For instance, the poetry by Phillis Wheatley vividly depicts the importance of morality and religion for both whites and blacks. In the poem â€Å"On Virtue† he writes: â€Å" Virtue, thro’ my youthful years! / O leave me not to the false joys of time! / But guide my steps to endless life and bliss† (Wheatley, 1996). In other poems he depicts characters as devoted parishioners who follow all values and commandments. Phillis Wheatley can be considered as â€Å"a moral poet† of his time unveiling social contradictions and moral values of slaves and their hopes. He describes the roles of God and goodness in life of slaves. In ISAIAH Wheatley describes: â€Å"For man the wrath of an immortal God: / â€Å"To execute th’ Eternal’s dread command / â€Å"My soul I sacrific’d with willing hand† (Wheatley, 1996). These examples show that religion and Christianity determines lives of slaves in spite of the fact that church and Christianity were used to defense and legitimatize the institution of slavery. Many characters in his poems wonder why anyone would understand a difference between slaves and masters, blacks and whites. Morality is depicted through religious ritual and values followed by slaves. It is not surprising that religious dogmas became the code of behavior for many women who needed strong arguments to prove their decisions. Also, the Christianity was used to maintain defense of domesticity and the role of women as mother and wives only. In â€Å"To his Honour the Lieutenant-Governor, on the Death of his Lady† Wheatley writes: â€Å"ALL-Conquering Death! by thy resistless pow’r, /Hope’s tow’ring plumage falls to rise no more! /Of scenes terrestrial how the glories fly, / Forget their splendors, and submit to die! † (Wheatley, 1996). This theme underlines the fact that all people are mortal. Even trying to challenge destiny, people cannot change ordered hierarchy of the world, and is punished with an eternal hell. In the speech, Frederick Douglass addresses a very important problem of racial inequality in America and its impact on the society. In his speech â€Å"the Fourth of July†, Frederick Douglass depicts social and political situation and ridicules low morals and false values existing in the society. As the most important he bases the main arguments on the principles of liberty, moral and religious norms. He appeals to emotions of listeners through the theme of God and morality. Douglass states: â€Å"this, for the purpose of this celebration, is the 4th of July. It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom. This, to you, is what the Passover was to the emancipated people of God† (Douglass, 2002). Distinction between spiritual and temporal power creates a space for freedom, in which an individual can fight for freedom Works of two African-American writers and abolitionists show that slaves believed in God and followed Christian morality in their life. For slaves and free black men religion was a moral guard which shaped their behavior. Christianity played a crucial role in lives of all slaves. Both abolitionists depict that religion and church exercise power, keep their traditions and values. It is important to note that during 19th century religion had a great influence on social life and was often used as a theme and framework in literature (Fogel, 1989). Douglass gives some overview of the cultural situation of that time and people’s attitude towards the slavery. This speech is very important as it appeals to everyone both blacks and whites. In general, it is possible to say that in Douglass gives a vivid explanation of the slavery that relates with accuracy to the real events. He depicts that everyone must die eventually, and so the natural roots of democracy are therefore in mortality, whether due to natural causes or to the bloodshed of internecine warfare. Douglass blames church stating that it supports slave-owners and slavery. On the other hand, he states: â€Å"the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic; for the love of God, tear away, and fling from you the hideous monster, and let the weight of twenty millions crush and destroy it forever! † (Douglass, 2002). He separates Christianity and the American church underlining that â€Å"The American church is guilty, when viewed in connection with what it is doing to uphold slavery† (Douglass, 2002). In his speech, a spirit of mischievous and subversive anarchy runs through the entire work. This duality in views and ideals allowed slavery to continue. The short story of Edgar Poe â€Å"The Masque of The Red Death† vividly portrays the fear of death and fate. The protagonist of the story, the Prince Prospero fights with death trying to outwit it. Although, Poe depicts that it is a vein sacrifice that is painful and sorrowful causing terrible sufferings and emotional burden for the Prince. He looks around and sees the ordinariness of their existence. â€Å"The Red Death† or plagues is a symbol of death depicting that human beings cannot escape death. â€Å"The scarlet stains upon the body and especially upon the face of the victim, were the pest ban which shut him out from the aid and from the sympathy of his fellow-men† (Poe, n. d. ). Previously, the Prince had been a man who was somehow placed above ordinary mortals, who, either through his depth of suffering or his nobility of nature felt and suffered more than readers could be expected to do in everyday life. The hero also suffers death at the end, his downfall being a result of a fatal flaw in his character, a trait which he cannot help as it is a part of his makeup, but which causes the tragedy and eventually his death. The themes of fate and death show that being a part of culture religion was reflected in literary works. Poe portrays that behavior of people was religiously determined and that the key to suc ¬cessful ideas was in the understanding of religious dogmas and values. In general, Poe’s concern is for degrees of personal freedom results when a man, struggling against death, is pushed further back, achieving little in his struggle for life, and having degrees of free ¬dom removed from him. Mortality is undergone in order to expand the human spirit, to delve into matters previously kept hidden, to grow through fear. The fear before unknown and punishment were the main causes allowing slavery to continue. â€Å"The Black Cat† belongs to a literature of horror portraying a world of an alcoholic suffered from uncontrollable rage and violence. In the intoxicated state the unnamed narrator cannot control his aggression and hangs his favorite black cat. In a period of time, he tries to kill another cat with an axe, but kills his wife who tries to protect the animal. In this story, Poe portrays two different worlds: reality and fantasy that resulted in terrible crimes. Also, Poe unveils the theme of human relations: people love each other and make friends, but if they deprive their friends they are finished. (Poe, Black Cat, 2005). â€Å"A Black Cat† is a symbol of death and fate, fear and Hell. Similar to this explanation, the existence of the institution of slavery, in which white men played the dominant role and wielded control, placed slaves at the mercy of God and destiny. Christian traditions and consciousness allowed slavery to continue for a long time. Christian-conscious world was used as a strong force that affected all aspects of life. Fear of death and punishment limited actions of slaves and forced them to subdue religious norms and traditions. In reality, Christian-conscious world was the only dominated institution which affected life of whites and blacks through culture and traditions. In literature, religion helped to develop and sustain morality by promoting moral reasoning and by exemplifying values and behaviors that were conducive to human dignity. In â€Å"Pudd’nhead Wilson† Mark Twain describes the role of fate and destiny in life of a slave. The events took place in the Dawson’s Landing. Through the characters of Tom and Roxy Mark Twain shows that the fate and fear of unknown are determined by social traditions and religious norms. He writes: â€Å"he was not committing any sin that God would remember against him in the Last Great Day† (Twain, 2001). Tom comes to know that every moment and every act share the same fate. The anticipation of his life dissolves the feeling of overriding importance. Mark Twain explains: â€Å"Consider the flea! –incomparably the bravest of all the creatures of God, if ignorance of fear were courage. Whether you are asleep or awake he will attack you .. you are to him as are the massed armies of the earth to a sucking child† (Twain, 2001). The literary woks under analysis show that church worked hard to distinguish religious values of slaves and masters and their respective on peoples. Christianity was the â€Å"law of life† for defenders. The distance between these groups and a largely secular but still vaguely society is such that the preservation of the former from the evils of the latter has been achieved by the erection of considerable social barriers. Religious piety and submission were beliefs that were more marginal components of the ideology depicted by the early American writers. But, truly said it was not an ideology we understand it but obsession. The religious mores and Christian dogmas were such that traditional practice isolates slaves from the wider society. Christianity can be seen as one of the main causes of slavery and oppression. Works Cited Page 1. Douglass, F. The Fourth of July. 2002. Available at: http://douglassarchives. org/doug_a10. htm 2. Fogel, R. W. Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery. W. W. Norton, 1989. 3. Poe. E. The Masque of the Red Death. n. d. Available at: http://bau2. uibk. ac. at/sg/poe/works/reddeath. html 4. Poe, E. The Black Cat. 2005. Available at: http://www. online-literature. com/poe/24/ 5. Twain, M. Pudd’nhead Wilson. 2001. Available at: http://emotionalliteracyeducation. com/classic_books_online/puddn10. htm 6. Wheatley, Ph. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. 1996. Available at: http://www. gutenberg. org/dirs/etext96/whtly10. txt

Discuss Some of the Challenges Facing International Students in Higher Education Essay

As a growing number of international students who attempt to obtain a further education diploma or expand their horizons, has been increasing, it is often the case that they would face various challenges while studying abroad. The main barrier that they have to overcome is â€Å"academic learning that consists of strangeness, difference and integration (Teekens, 2006:17, cited in Hyland, 2008). According to Hyland et al (2008:29), to improve the quality of higher education not only the individual needs to endeavor, but also the departmental and institutional effort would be indispensable. This essay will illustrate that the main factors of overseas students who study for least one year result in academic learning challenges, are adapting to a new educational system’s assessments and English speaking only environments, then will provide possible solutions, for example, giving sufficient guidance from enrolled universities, revolutionising language certified test in reducing these difficulties. The first main factor that directly causes learning challenges is that overseas students would probably face different methods of assessment. Most postgraduate students wish their overseas journeys were the same as ‘back home’ (Pointon, 2009, cited in The Higher Education Academy, 2012). However,for those students who graduated in other educational systems, team projects, presentations would become the barriers they have to confront. Firstly team-based learning appears to be more strange and complicated to these students because it not only depends upon academic competence,but also has to be relevant to their abilities of communication and coordination. Group work can be even more stressful because a silent student is effectively excluded, whether voluntarily or not. It is also something that many international students have not really encountered before (Sovic,2008). Subsequently, quite a number of overseas students seem to be unfamiliar with presentations as well. According to (Sovic,2008:153), except for necessity of group work sometimes, to express their opinions via presentations international students who may be new have to be confidently confronted with classmates who would hold other cultural perspectives. These unacquainted assessment criterions would widely and considerably affect international students, especially at the beginning of their academic journey. For example, presentations would be often assigned in the first term, if the results seem to be quite low, they not only directly impact those students’ overall score, but also affect their emotions to some degree even might reduce their confidence and motivation with regards to continuing their studies abroad. The second major factor which would be around all overseas students,is the atmosphere of foreign language only. Sovic(2008:150)has demonstrated that for those students who are non-native speakers, even if they have obtained fairly high IELTS(The International English Language Test System)test grades, language is still singled out as the biggest obstacle for them to study abroad. The main reason, which causes that they passed the tests but could not adapt to the new language environment quickly, is that IELTS seems to be irrelevant to the demands within the universities. To begin with, when overseas students arriving the destinations, the first difficulty they have to face is local accent. Research (Sovic, 2008:151) reported that international students who are even native-speakers can still have significant problems with fast and heavy accents in lectures and tutorials. Another point which bothers almost overseas students especially at the beginning of study abroad is acquiring academic language, including discipline-specific vocabulary and academic expression. It is often overlooked, since students who obtained the required language scores always mistakenly believe that it is sufficient to complete their studies (Arkoudis, 2008). These unexpected barriers would be troubled for all overseas students to varying degree. It is notable that international students must spend quite a large amount of time and energy on solving language issues. In other word, they have to cut down the time from learning main curriculums, which would considerably affect them to absorb curriculum knowledge and make them feeling more stress. One feasible solution to help overseas students to face academic challenges is that enrolled universities need to make more efforts before international students’ academic journeys. Despite universities always remind students who have been confirmed acceptance to prepare relevant knowledge about their courses, there are few students who could prepare adequately. Zhai(2004:101)discovered that academic issue tend to be the most difficulty for international students, and there are around 60% students whom recommended that their college should provide more academic guidance. It is suggested that academic support should be provided to international students as soon as possible, since Pedersen (1991) had demonstrated that sufficient guidance should be initiated before they arrive. According to the factors mentioned above, enrolled universities may send an amount of materials to international students via email or even material object, including introduction of new educational system, samples of presentation and team project, videos of lecture and tutorial. Moreover, for students of different disciplines, universities may provide more specific background knowledge or required reading list. Although these will increase universities’ operating costs, it would be effective to help international students overcome academic challenges. Another solution which seems to be quite challenging is revolutionising language certification test. Lee (2009:23) claims that compared to other language certified tests, IELTS is most effective and reliable examination to assess students’ not only language skill but also academic ability. However, although international students obtain the qualified language scores, it does not mean that they can successfully finish academic learning (Schmitt, 2005; Murray and O’Loughlin, 2007; Arkoudis, 2008; Sovie, 2008), even the type of writing in IELTS seems to be â€Å"public non-academic genres† (Moore and Morton, 2005, cited in Hyland et al, 2008). Feast (2002:83) reported that between language proficiency and academic performance at university there is a positive and significant, but weak relationship. Thus, in order to better serve high education, IELTS may be adjusted. Firstly, academic IELTS test could be divided into three categories that consist of Arts aspect, Science and Engineering, Social Science. Secondly, increasing more academic topics in section1 and section2 of listening test could replace a considerable number of life topics. Thirdly, the type of task2 in writing could change to mini-academic essay. These adjustments could not only make the scores more valuable to be referred by universities, but also help and guide international students to accumulate more discipline-specific and academic knowledge which lead to reduce those academic difficulties after they arrive. In conclusion, as this essay has demonstrated, the main factors which lead to academic learning challenges are atmosphere of English speaking only and different educational assessment system. Feasible solution to these challenges including revolutionising language certified test and providing adequate support from enrolled universities. It seems that revolutionizing language certified test is most significant solution to help and guide students at the source. In the future, increased awareness of academic challenges via researching and reporting as a whole could arouse relevant departments’ attention to take action on resolving these problems.

Introduction to Duty of Care in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings

All health and social care organisations have a duty of care towards any one that they may look after no matter what their age may be. This basically means that we must do what we can to keep a person of any age in our care safe from harm.Describe how the duty of care affects own work role.I must at all times ensure that the person or persons that I look after are free from dangers within their care setting, this maybe from obstacles in the path that they walk that could cause a trip or fall. Make sure my hands are clean before the preparation of meals and drinks and to ensure person or person’s hands are clean before they start to eat their meal, this can prevent infections. To ensure person or person’s receive personal care, this can prevent urination burns, good hygiene to prevent infection to themselves and others.Understand support available for addressing dilemma’s that may arise about duty of care. 2.1 Describe dilemma’s that may arise between the d uty of care and individual’s rights. 1 dilemma could be personal care whether they are capable of assisting with their own personal care or of in need of receiving assistance with personal care. We are here to help maintain good personal hygiene but sometimes a person will refuse to assist themselves or allow someone to assist them, if this happens then it is their right to refuse they cannot be forced into something they do not want to do or receive something they don’t want.2.2 Explain where to get additional support and advice about how to resolve such dilemma’s. I would talk to the person whose personal hygiene was in question, to try and find out what the problem may be or look in their care plan to look at their background as there could be something within their past that could help. Also if a person in your care is prone to an illness  such as UTI that can cause more confusion and change in personality report it immediately so necessary testing can be carried out. Talk to my team leader, sometimes an underlying illness can cause a person to react in a certain way, so possible G.P input maybe needed to rule anything out. Talk to the person’s family they may be able to help, the person may feel more comfortable around their family. In some cases you may need to get input from social workers and CPN.Know how to respond to complaints3.1 Describe how to respond to complaints.First of all listen to the complaint and assess the right action to take. It all depends on what level of seriousness the complaint is. Once you have established this you should be able to either deal with the complaint yourself or advise which course of action to take and to whom to take the complaint to next.3.2 Identify the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints. Complaints procedure has different methods depending on type of complaint and if it is a complaint that has not been dealt with previously with the desired results. Firstly tal k to manager of the home this may be via telephone, or personally usually this can get your complaint dealt with straight away. Put your complaint in writing or email to either the manager of the home or to the area manager. They would then have to write or email you with acknowledgement of your complaint, also details of how long it may take to deal with your complaint and why. If the complaint is of a very serious nature you can then go to the Care Quality Commission.

Marketing Saturn Corporation in 1998 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Saturn Corporation in 1998 - Essay Example The Saturn Corporation had to be in complete contact with the GM, since the GM planned to launch the big cars and decided to have a shift from small to mid-size cars, Saturn Corporation should have planned the similar and should have quit the idea of manufacturing the same old small cars. The reason that the strategy was not hard to implement is that the Saturn Corporation had previously been spotted number one in manufacturing small cars and because of that it had made some reputation and capital to cope well with the GM and this is exactly what GM had thought about the company. But it was not the part of the company's mission statement and therefore the immediate job of the Saturn Corporation was to convince the GM that further launching of any such cars can make the market more competitive and already there are big leaders like Toyota and Honda performing well in the market, the scheme can be a flop. Whereas if the GM keeps on manufacturing such small sized cars which are having l esser costs and are already competing Toyota and Honda, the GM and Saturn could both be in greater profitability. Further, the Saturn Corporation could have stated to GM that the target audience should be the younger generation who is not capable of buying expensive cars and therefore would buy smaller cars already being manufactured, further more the traffic is increasing day by day and therefore the demand of small cars would be even higher in the future and thus the company should keep on manufacturing such cars perhaps with greater innovation to attract all the classes of society. Since Saturn is losing its quality despite of a tough competition, Saturn should concentrate on quality, which would ultimately yield experience particularly in the situation where there are other competitors in the market. Only this way the Saturn can provide the parent company with a useful knowledge and technology. As mentioned earlier, Saturn Corporation should not get distracted with what is being offered to them by GM as they are here for gaining experience with perfection and they should consistently keep on trying providing the up to date information on past sales to the CEO and President or even the upper management at GM, this could really make the GM feel to keep on making small cars without hassles. We all know about the outcome, the GM made the mid-sized cars incorporation with Saturn which provided the fair business but due to some rivalry with Japanese firms, the company had to get back to manufacture small cars and this time turning their mid-sized cars into small cars again, such as Sedan, a coupe and station wagon. This situation would have been a lot better if GM had just eliminated the plants and downsized the organization yet not eliminated the manufacturing of small cars. The disturbance was created in this part of 1990s where they thought of making mid-sized cars.

Personal Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Personal Environmental History - Essay Example The first memories I have of being taught about the environment revolve around maintenance of the space around me as a very young child. I was taught not about the huge implications of maintaining our ecology, but of the importance of simply respecting the immediate vicinity of where I lived. The major form this took when I was a small child was educating me about how wrong it is to litter. My mother always informed me that littering was bad for the environment, a message mirrored on the media frequently. When I was a child the television show â€Å"Captain Planet† drove this message about litter home even more, showing images of fish trapped in the webbings that hold pop cans together into six packs, and informing me how important it was for me to clip them and dispose of them safely. The media also told me to go out of my way to recycle, to pick up cans on the side of the road and take them to a processing facility, and to treat my space right. While this was a good groundin g for environmental thought, it was obviously very small scale and I think even at a young age I could have begun to understand the serious challenges facing the environment. As I grew older, the media began taking a larger role in my education on the environment. Some of the things from my late childhood that always struck home was infomercials about animals that were facing extinction because of habitat reduction and other human behaviors. I also knew about global warming and climate change, but the immediate threat to those cute and fuzzy creatures I saw on the television always seemed more important, more pressing than some general idea that the oceans may rise a few inches in my lifetime. Furthermore, these media campaigns usually asked the viewer to give money to save the wildlife they were campaigning for. This gave me the impression as a child that the problems of the environment were created by bad people burning rainforests and cutting down trees,

Business security and globalization issues that Mexico face Research Paper

Business security and globalization issues that Mexico face - Research Paper Example Global issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bribery and corruption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Terrorist threat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Organized crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Border threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 7 8 8 9 10 7 1.5 RECOMMENDED SECURITY ACTIONS Security and tracking system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Foreign direct investment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Assistance from security agencies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Evacuation plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Competitive management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ State and local regulatory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Outline of Security issues and threats Mexico being one of the best business sites is facing many problems in relation to security issues. The security situation in Mexico is fluid and there exist conflicts among security forces. This led to increase in threats and risk in relation to the insecurity in the country. Some of the threats and preventive measures in relation to the security are discussed below: 1.1 Natural threats Mexico is suffering from just one natural threat which has affected the business economy i.e. global issues. Global issues Country have initially suffered a downturn in the business economy due to the global issues such as falling international... The intention of this study is Mexico as one the best business sites. It has provided many opportunities and growth to international businesses. It involves less cost of conducting a business as compared to other Asian countries. Though Mexico had promoted businesses in all aspects but it has negative aspects also, which are harming the working of business such as risk related to securities. Since 2007, more than 24000 people have been killed due to drug violence. Smuggling of drugs and goods is becoming quite common on borders which are increasing risk of trading companies that conduct operations on borders. Small businesses have also become security minded and they take precautions while travelling to Mexico, especially in border and capital regions. This shows that businesses are investing more on security in order to perform business in Mexico, which in result increases the cost and reduces profitability of the company. Mexico is a federal constitutional republic of North America and is bordered in the north of United States. It covers two million square kilometers i.e. 760,000 sq mi. on the basis of this area it is the fifth largest country in America. Researchers identified that its current population is around 112 million and is eleventh most populated country in the world. Spanish is the most popular language in Mexico. This country comprises of thirty one states and one federal district which is a capital city. Mexico is one of the best business locations as compared to 112 cities in Europe, North America and Asia Pacific.

GPS and Fuction on the field on construction Term Paper

GPS and Fuction on the field on construction - Term Paper Example A global positioning system (GPS) receiver ensures that scrapers and graders are able to identify accurate courses with minimum reference to in ground markers. The field of view of the operator is built with light bars that give a signal of a proper angular view of the blades while the machine is in motion. The video display gives a proper cut view of the job site. The operators use a computer screen to keep track of the positions of their blades. The advantages of this include; accuracy, speed, improved productivity and a result which is of high quality. GPS ensures that the foremen and supervisors do not rest stakes but instead monitor work, cycle time and haul routes. Later on in the evening, the GPS-equipped vehicles are moved to where they are supposed to send progress data to the head office. The actual progress can then be checked and compared to the original schedule by the estimators. The automatic heavy equipments such as scrapers for instance use the GRS technology. GPS antenna is mounted on the scrapers bowl which enables the operator to differentiate the site plan and the depth cut. The earthmoving operations are safer because minimal time is taken on the work and few people take part. Road graders for instance have steel blade beneath the vehicle that are adjustable thus allowing the operator to control the angle and height of the blade when in operation. Graders that are equipped with GPS enables operators to control area they grade and where do not. The technology enables the operator to work on specified lengths instead of estimating the area to grade. Its blade is designed to grade a flat surface for the road construction, and it also levels surface of uneven ground, its blade can also be used to create ditches beside roads and drainage paths. This is done by the grader lowering the blades to the set height, and it pushes off the dirt until the road is

Genetic mapping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genetic mapping - Research Paper Example The dawn of modern genetics began with the unveiling of Mendel’s rules and Mendel’s paper in 1900. The term gene was first used in 1909; the first experiment on genetic mapping was published in 1910; and the first genetic map was materialized in 1913 (Kevles & Hood, 1992, p. 38). Thomas Hunt Morgan was the first person to elucidate the techniques of genetic mapping with his discovery of the X chromosome--the decisive sex gene, in 1910 (Kevles & Hood, 1992, pp. 43-44). In 1911, Morgan’s student, Alfred Sturtevant, mapped the location of the gene mutations that were studied by his esteemed professor (â€Å"Overview of the Human,† 2010). The initial blueprint of the human genome was broadcasted on February 2001 in the journal Nature; which showed the progression of the genome’s 3 billion base pairs. The completed gene arrangement was published in April 2003 (â€Å"Overview of the Human,† 2010). Future employment of the project in the field of mo lecular medicine includes: refined disease diagnosis; early identification of predisposition and disease process; objective drug design; gene therapy; and custom drugs (â€Å"Potential Benefits,† 2009). ... genes to develop alternative energy source, to create pollutant-detectors present in the environment, to prevent carbon emission that worsens global warming; for risk assessment; for information on the origin of species; for fast absolution of crime; and for agricultural purposes (â€Å"Potential Benefits,† 2009). On the down side, gene mapping can create an air of animosity, injustice, and abuse on the part of the gene-owner (Narcisse, 1998); it can induce a feeling of apprehension and disappointment; and it will implicate not only the tested individual, but the family as well. Apart from the aforementioned disadvantages, gene mapping is also contravened by many issues; among which are issues on information confidentiality, psychological effects, reproductive and clinical issues, conceptual and philosophical implications, health and environmental issues, commercialization of products, and other uncertainties, such as the causative agent for complex conditions (e.g. heart dise ase) (â€Å"Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues,† 2008). Information acquired through gene mapping, is presumptive and not prognostic (Rajeski, n.d., para. 3). It aids in the identification of gene mutation, insertion, and deletion that may or may not result in a disease. According to Claes et al. (2004), awareness of innate gene mutations can empower, as well as impose adverse emotional effects and feelings of distress. Knowledge of what could be can greatly alter the way an individual perceives the future and live one’s life. Some of the principles foreseen to be offended by the human genome project are autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, veracity, and fidelity (Daniels, 2004, p. 168). Easy access to the human genome database can violate a person’s right to autonomy. Confidentiality

Opening of Sainsbury's (Supermarket) in India Essay

Opening of Sainsbury's (Supermarket) in India - Essay Example From the market research it identify that Indian market condition is favourable for foreign firms to enter and start business. Thus they select the Indian supermarket industry as their new business location. Sainsbury is aimed to achieve favourable market position in the Indian market with their quality branded products and attractive customer services. They object to start medium sized supermarket chains in the country on a regional basis. Supermarkets are designed to supply all range of consumer products at a minimised rate. The project is aimed to provide a detailed plan for establishment of the supermarket business in India. Through this project, we objected to provide detailed analysis of the required activities for successful implementation of the business. The time schedule required for the project is also analysed as a part of this project study. The risk related to each level of activities in the implementation of project are analysed in this study. The objectives of the Project can be summarised as follows: Indian market trend is offering greater opportunity to the supermarkets business. Supermarkets business is showing higher growth rate in terms of customer base and profitability. In the prevailing market conditions, Sainsbury has greater scope for profitable launching of supermarket business in India. Branded products have more customer base in the Indian consumer market. Thus with the quality branded products and attractive customer servicing, Sainsbury’s can achieve their targeted market share within the projected time period. Brand loyalty creation should be taken by Sainsbury’s as an important factor for attaining targeted market growth. The operations of the supermarkets should be specially designed to provide a total shopping experience to the customers. Sainsbury can achieve higher business growth in India as it provides plenty of customer bases. In the

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay Example for Free

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay To what extent was the atomic bomb used as a diplomatic ‘mater card’ by American policymakers at the end of the Second World War? In 1945, the unconditional surrender of German symbolized the victory of the war against Fascism in Europe. However, the situation in Far East was still extremely intention. In the 7th July of the same year, the leaders of American, Great Britain and Soviet Union - Truman, Churchill and Stalin held the third conference during the wartime in Potsdam. During the conference, the Potsdam Declaration was proposed in order to urge Japan to accept the requirement of unconditional surrender. Nevertheless, the leader of Japan ignored the declaration and refused to surrender. As a result, the America dropped two atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 6th and 9th in August 1945. The explosion of these two atomic bombs has brought enormous calamity to Japan. The bomb killed 140,000 inhabitants out of the total of 350,000 in Hiroshima, as well as 70,000 out of 270,000 people in Nagasaki. These huge numbers of death have largely led to the serious concern in the Japan to consider the surrender. In the 10th august, the Japan hand in the document of surrender. After 5 days, in 15th, the American accept the unconditional surrender proposed by Japan. If we looking back to the decision of dropping the atomic bomb, it is certainly an effective way in which it will promote the surrender of Japan in earlier time. However, it is not the only purpose of dropping the atomic bomb, in fact, as the lot of diplomatists have indicated, it is also a diplomatic strategy in dealing with the relationship with the Soviet Union. By using the atomic bomb, American will deter the Soviet Union and ensure American stand in a superior stage in deciding the world pattern in post-war period. To large extent, the atomic bomb is a ‘master card’ to contain Soviet Union rather than a tool to end the Second World War. It was certain that the Americans were willing to end the war as soon as possible by using atomic bombs. Both of America and Japan had paid high expense in the Pacific battlefield. Undoubtedly, to end the war would save a vast number of lives. Herbert Feis supplied evidence that one of the cogent reasons to use the atomic bomb was for military force, to push the war to end as soon as possible. It was until 15th August 1945, several days after the atomic booming event taken place, the empire of Japan declared  surrender. It was clear that the atomic bomb made influence on Japan’s surrender progress. However, as a matter of fact, the military power of Japan was disintegrated rapidly in 1945, meanwhile, allied nations had kept applying pressure to Japan. The defeat of Japan was for certain even without the bomb threatening. Thus, in other words, to large extent, the atomic bomb was not an instrument to end the Second World War. As the war against Fascism close to end in Europe, the Allies had concentrated their forces on Japan. Especially, in December1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor had significant blow on American people. In the speech after the big event, President Roosevelt asserted that ‘I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.’ Along with American’s entering the war, the trajectory of Japan began to decline. In the Midway Battle in 1942, it had cost Japan heavily by losing a mass of air and navy power. In addition, since 1944, the American navy had tightened the stranglehold towards Japan’s ships. In the late summer of the same year, the fail of Marianas Islands, including Saipan had pushed Japan to a severer condition. For the Marianas had been an important district as a defending perimeter, Japan was under the risk of within the range of B-29 bombings. The situation was moved rapidly, thus, the defense perimeter was broken and American forces had destroyed the navy and air force. By 1945, Japan was not able to declare large scaled air and sea battles. George, the commander of the Air Forces stated that Japan could do nothing without the support of sea and air power. Indeed, with America’s enormous industrial capacity, Japan was no longer a menace to America. This was why Henry, who was commanding Army Air forces said that the position of Japan was hopeless before the bomb fell for they had lose their air control. However, the worse was that a naval blockade strangled the key approach for Japan to import oil and other raw material. Japan could hardly to produce war materials, even the food. Without these essential supplements, Japan was indeed collapsed. Truman had written in his diary that ‘I have to decide Japanese strategy, shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade.’ In the eyes of American, the Japanese had to be obedient to American’s order. On the other hand, the invasion of Soviet Union had make a  key influence on Japan’s capitulate. With the victory of Stalingrad, the attitude of Soviet Union began to transfer. Even in the Yalta conference, Stalin promised that Soviet Union would attack Japan after the defeat of German. Ignoring the neutrality pact, the Operation August Storm was launched in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union started an attack on Japanese position in the area of Korea and Manchuria. During the two weeks’ wartime, Japan has lost 84,000 lives. The Soviet Union’s invasion made it hopeless for Japan to search help from Stalin to end the war peaceful. The Navy Chief Toyoda argued that, ‘I believe that the Russian participation in the war against Japan rather than the atom bombs did more to hasten the surrender.’ With the enormous of lose of military force; there was no ability for Japan to procrastinate surrender. In sum, the shortage of military force and the pressure from all the alliance nations made Japan a country around by various crises. Many experts are convinced that the bombs are almost unnecessary to end the war, for the surrender of Japan would be probably occur in any of events. In other words, the atomic bomb was not a conclusive factor to end the war. The atomic bomb, which was the most appalling weapon created in the 20 century, had played an important role for certain. Instead of ending the war, many experts had asserted that to large extent, the atomic bomb policy was used to contain the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, American had paid most attention to concern Soviet Union as a factor in the early progress of the bomb. Some scholars had the argument that there was never any illusion but Russia was the enemy of American. The president Roosevelt had also share the similar argument that the development of atomic strategy was a part of general diplomacy, which link the wartime situation and postwar affairs. Roosevelt also agreed with Churchill the opinion of using atomic bomb as an approach to bargain with the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the compromising policy of Roosevelt would not promote the atomic diplomacy insufficiently. In Einstein’s opinion, he argued that if President Roosevelt were still alive, he would forbid the act of atomic bombings.In the April of 1945, after the death of President Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman became a new American leader with swearing an oath. As a result of Roosevelt’s sudden death, Truman was relatively uninformed the policy towards the Soviet Union  and atomic bombs. Truman had stated that he would continue the foreign and domestic policy before, however, that he would be a president of his own belief. Without an integrated foreign policy, Truman was heavily influenced by the advisors. The lack of information about Soviet Union made the advisors easy to persuade Truman to adopt their suggestion of confronting the Soviet Union. It indicated the fundamental transition of diplomacy of America.In the other hand, after his rising to power, the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson introduced that the existence of ‘ the most urgent matter’ the bomb. Thus, Truman was full of confidence to achieve the superpower of American with the monopoly of nuclear power. Under his influence, the diplomacy of American had become offensive. In Truman’s opinion, the Soviet Union’s communist was a factor to prevent American hegemony. To Truman, the initial notion on the new weapon was a tool of diplomatic confrontation with Russia.It was a trend to use the atomic bomb as an instrument to contain the Soviet Union. In July of 1945, the atomic bomb action was put forward to discussion of the role, which the nuclear weapon would play to contain the Soviet Union. For another aspect, it was a colossal threaten to America that the invention of the Soviet Union army into the Pacific battle field. The atomic bomb was use to end the war earlier in order to avoid Soviet’s entry into the war. In the spring of 1945, the Soviet Union had achieved the victory of the Berlin Battle. The Soviet Union had been a dominant status in the European territory. Stalin also had the careerism to gain and expand the territory in East Asia. To occupy Japan was a positive tactics for Soviet Union to sally the Asian continent.Stalin stated that Russia would share the actual occupation of Japan before the explosion of the bombs. The American government had a concession of Stalin’s willing for the reason of a requirement of assistance from Russia to defeat Japan at the beginning in the Yalta Conference. However, along with the success of the testing of atomic bombs, Japan’s defeat was for certain. America was no longer with the requirement of Russia’s assistance. Stalin still tried to participate the war with Japan and America. The American government was not satisfied with Stalin’s decision with the hope of keeping Soviet Union out of Asia. If Russia were in the war against Japan, Russia would occupy other areas in  East Asia near Japan. In another word, Manchuria, Mongolia, and also Korea would gradually under Russia’s control. Stimson had provide a view of ‘If the Russians seek joint occupation after a creditable participation in the conquest of Japan, I do not see how we could refuse them at least a token occupation’ It has proved that America was under the risk of Soviet Union’ s entry into the war. The President Truman wrote in his book ‘Years of Decisions’ that he would not to allow Russians played any role to control Japan. Consequently, the Americans had a strong will to end the war as soon as possible to avoid the Soviet Union’s invasion. Byrnes, assistant to Secretary of State, had showed the argument to support ending the war before Russian’s joining in an interview. He asserted that the President Truman had shared the same view with him that it was necessary to get Japan defeated before the Russians came in the war. Similarly, Albert Einstein announced that by any means, to push the war to end should precede the participation of the Soviet Union.These are the evidence of that American were willing to end the war and to stall the Soviet Union’s entry. On 16th July 1945, in New Mexico, the success of testing the atomic bomb’s explosion had supplied an excellent chance to end the war. The assistant to Secretary of State, Byrnes, had suggested the President Truman that the bomb could be used as a way to reduce Soviet Union’s influence in Asia by ending the war. The atomic bomb, contain tremendous power when it occurs the nuclear fission reactions. The Americans had ability to urge Japan to surrender as soon as possible by holding such a weapon with huge lethality. If Japan was defeat by Americans before the Soviet Union’s assistance, there was no excuse for Soviet Union to invade East Asia area. From this aspect, the atomic bomb was used for contain Soviet Union’s invasion by ending the Pacific war as soon as possible. In addition, the make use of Atomic bombs was the nuclear threaten to the Soviet Union. To some extent, the atomic bomb would likely to strength the American military force in order to against Soviet Union. After germen’s defeat in 8th may 1945,the entire European continent seemed to be ready up for grab. As a matter of fact, one of the most considerable affaire to the Allied nations was to modify the world pattern. However, the Soviet Union has made a dominant place in Europe with expending large amount of territory  in the European continent. The Soviet Union has become the largest army to prevent America to achieve its hegemony monopolized in the world. The success of testing atomic bomb in new Mexico had provide a ‘master card’ for America to against the soviet union for the American has grasped the unique technological weapon with large power. Nevertheless, the development of atomic bomb was continually a secret before it’s testing. In the Potsdam conference, the president Truman had once tried to reveal that the America had had the nuclear power. In addition, the National Security Advisor, James Byrnes suggest Truman that to make a display of atomic bomb to the Soviet Union might become a tool to menace the Soviet Union, as well as to put the American into a positive situation at the end of the second world war. Similarly the president Truman has argued that in his belief that the atomic bomb would make positive effect on the position to strive for more territory at the end of the war. From Byrnes and Truman’s argument, it had been proved that the existence of atomic bombs itself was a huge risk to Soviet Union. To make Soviet Union realize that American had controlled the key technology of nuclear power as well as it had been in use, it was necessary to implement the atomic bomb policy with the global attention. Indeed, the atomic bomb increased the American army’s confidence dramatically. On the other hand, to Soviet Union, Stalin would not to compete against America directly as a result of such a weapon with lethality. In other words, the atomic bomb had played an important role to contain the Soviet Union. To conclude, the atomic bomb was a diplomatic ‘master card’ of containing The Soviet Union’s action instead of ending the war. It was certain that the surrender of Japan occurred several days after the atomic bomb’s explosion. The atomic bomb had made contribution on ending the war to some extent. However, Japan’s defeat was destined if the American policy makers didn’t make any decision of atomic bomb. For one thing, Japan was failed in many battles with a high expense of navy and air force. Even worse, the American army had cut the approach for Japan to import oil and raw materials. For another thing, the Soviet Union’s invasion was also a factor to promote Japan’s surrender. That is to say Japan’s surrender would occur in any case, the war would certainly had been end without the bomb. Instead of ending the war, the atomic bomb exerted its effectiveness to contain the Soviet Union.  In 1945, the President Truman’s rise to power had laid a foundation of the offensive diplomatic policy. To avoid Soviet Union’s expansion of territory, the atomic diplomatic strategy was used for against Stalin’s action. For one thing, the atomic bomb was used to end the war as soon as possible in order to prevent Soviet Union’s entry into Pacific battlefield. For another thing, the atomic bomb itself was deterrence for Soviet Union as the Americans had grasped the nuclear technology. In sum, the atomic bomb meet the requirement of defeating Japan, nevertheless, to be more accurate, the atomic bomb was a key step to deter Soviet Union’s global monopoly. Reference list Alperovitz, G., 1995. The decision to use the atomic bomb. London: Frontana Press Bird, K., Lifschultz, L., 1998 Hiroshima’s shadow. Michigan: Pamphletee†s Press P. 37 Cooper, J. W., 2006. Truman’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: http://www.johnwcooper.com [Accessed 24 November 2012] Dower, J. W., 1986. The war in western eyes, apes and others. In: War without mercy. New York: Pantheon Books Pp. 77-93 Frank, R. F., 1999 Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. United States of America: Penguin Books. Giovannitti, L.,Freed, F., 1965. The decision to drop the bomb. Great Britain: Methuen Co Ltd. Freeman, R., 2006. Was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] Hein, L., Selden, M., 1997 Living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. New York: M.E. Sharpe Leffler, M. P.,Painter D. S., 1994 the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history New York: Rouledge P. 59. Malloy, S. L., 2008. Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. United States of America: Cornell Paperbacks Milson, W.D., 2011. The most controversial decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 15. Preston, D., 2006 before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima: Corgi P. 493 Selden,M (1989), The atomic bomb voice from Hiroshima and Nagesaki. London: Kyoko, Mark Selden. P. 23. Smith, J. K., 2010 fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb: United States of America: Author house P. 17 Walker, J.S., 1996. The decision to use the bomb: a historiographical update. In: Hogan, M. J., 1996. Hiroshima, in history and memory. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge university press. Pp. 11- 37 [ 1 ]. L. Hein and M. Selden living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. (Great Britain 1965) P. 4 [ 2 ]. J. S. Walker Hiroshima, in history and memory. (Cambridge 1996) P. 11 [ 3 ]. J. K. Smith Fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb (2010 United States of America) P. 17 [ 4 ]. M. Selden voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1989 London) P. 23 [ 5 ]. R. Freeman was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [Online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] [ 6 ]. R. F. Frank Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. (1999 United States of America) P. 132 [ 7 ]. J. W. Dower war without mercy. (1986 New York) P. 83. [ 8 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 647 [ 9 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 645 [ 10 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 236. [ 11 ]. J. W. Cooper Truma n’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 24 November 2012] P. 6 [ 12 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 127 [ 13 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 125 [ 14 ]. M.P. Leffler and D. S. the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history (1994 New York) P. 59. [ 15 ]. S. L. Malloy Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. (2008 United States of America) P. 81-85 [ 16 ]. Miscamble.w.d. 2011. The most controversial decision, Truman, the atomic bombs, and the defeat of Japan. P. 15 [ 17 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 37 [ 18 ]. D. Preston before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima (2006) P. 493 [ 19 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 274 [ 20 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 17 [ 21 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 134

March Of The Penguins | Analysis

March Of The Penguins | Analysis The emperor penguins have a unique and exhausting mating ritual, which is said to exemplify a traditional family life. While originally intended to be a simple nature documentary, March of the Penguins, turned into a phenomenon in the United States. Many people viewed the Emperor penguins dedication to their families and the mating ritual as a model for a traditional and conservative family that most Americans are lacking. Family values are a somewhat controversial issue due to its large basis in ethics. Ethics is a set of guidelines or morals that people or a culture use as a rubric for good or bad behavior and decisions. The family values promoted in March of the Penguins are ethical according to the American way of life. This film was produced by French filmmakers and narrated by Morgan Freeman. Furthermore, it was the second highest grossing film in the United States (Miller). After premiering in the United States, reviews began to circulate that raved of the conservation values pushed in the film as well as traditional family values. The documentary, March of the Penguins, was highly successful due to the interpretation of the portrayal of conservation in a non-scientific manner and the family values promoted by personifying the penguins in the film. March of the Penguins is a documentary created and produced by French filmmakers, Luc Jaquet, Michael Fessler, and Bonne Pioche, which documents the yearly journey of the emperor penguins in Antarctica. Narrating the American version of the film is by the infamous Morgan Freeman, who is notorious for his voice that can make any moment on film moving and meaningful. Utilizing him as the only human voice heard in the film gives it much more of an impact on audiences of all walks of life. The writers and producers created a film that document the incredible journey that these amazing animals make each year and their mating rituals that are unlike any other. Emperor penguins have many fine characteristics, that unless seen up close they would never be visible to the human eye. Emperors are the largest of all penguins-an average bird stands some 45 inches (115 centimeters) tall (Forsteri). Emperor penguins are the father of all penguins. Each summer the Emperor penguins hunt and feed on fish in the ocean. The penguins instinctively begin their journey seventy miles inland as a species to the mating grounds where they then find their perfect mate for the next year. While at the mating grounds, the female emperor penguin gives birth to a single egg. After she gives birth, she leaves for the ocean to feed again while the male emperor penguin remains at the mating grounds with the other males to warm and protect their egg all through the brutal winter. These penguins attain their physical features in order to survive the harsh habitat they have to reside in. The males wait until the females return in the spring when their young hatch from the ir eggs. The winter is extremely relentless and harsh in Antarctica, especially inland where the mating ground is. There are several sunless days and many more with little sunlight. The males have no food to eat and must rely on the fat they built up over the summer to feed them and keep them warm through the season. These penguins use many conservation tactics in order to survive in the worst of times. By the time the egg has hatched, emperor penguins will have fasted about 65 days through icy temperatures and they will have survived the brutal wind chills of inland Antarctica reaching as low -76ÂÂ °F (Forsteri). To help survive, the males all gather in a large huddle with their backs to the outside to keep warm. They rotate turns being on the outside where it is the coldest and being in the center where it is the warmest. By learning and utilizing how penguins conserve can only benefit everyone on a global level. Reducing our own carbon footprint will decrease the effects of Global Warming. One of the most important things we can do, as penguins do, is work in a group. Humans should help others and work with others in conserving energy, similar to the way emperor penguins work as a group to keep each other warm. Humans can cut down on the use of air conditioning and heat, for example, which will save a vast amount of energy. There are numerous ways for humans to conserve our habitat, similar to the way penguins conserve their habitat which will help our earth as a whole. The females then return in the spring just as their young are hatching so that they can feed them and relieve the males from their long months of protecting their offspring with no food. The mothers take the task of teaching the young penguin chicks about the world, because one day soon those baby chicks will have to carry on the tradition for the survival of their species (Anderson). As in traditional American families, the mother penguin is in charge of caring for their offspring after they emerge from the egg. The filming technique in March of the Penguins is impressive and gives the documentary a much more up close and personal feeling. There are many close-ups of the penguins throughout the documentary. Additionally, scenes reveal footage that have never been captured on film. One of the more touching moments occurs during the mating season, an Emperor penguin couple pose with their heads bowed down together in an almost kissing embrace. They were also able to capture the penguins as they were feeding underwater during the summer, preparing to make their amazing journey inland for the winter. Being able to see these creatures up close puts the viewers in their shoes, if they could wear any. The shots that these videographers were able to capture are breathtaking and captivating, in turn keeping the audience enthralled throughout an otherwise boring and straightforward documentary. The filming techniques in this documentary are most definitely a large part of the reason for its huge succe ss in the United States. The translation appears that the message of family values is a form of expression through the movie March of the Penguins. Let us assume that when groups of people watch or listen to a film, each individual will interpret the information differently. Peoples personal views are ethically different, depending on what he or she understands and perceives to be true and right. When interviewed by the London Times March of the Penguins director Jacquet, who has never made a film for the cinema before, is concerned that his documentary has been hijacked. For me there is no doubt about evolution. I am a scientist. The intelligent design theory is a step back to the thinking of 300 years ago. My film is not supposed to be interpreted in this way (Malvern). Yet by examining the film, its message reveals a strong suggestion of traditional family values and monogamy. For example, the films story of unswerving portrayal that penguins function in the same manner each mating season cycle. It reinforces monogamous heterosexual family makeup as a natural and necessary part of life. The story of the penguins depicts total parental sacrifice and dedication to the offspring and the traditional family structure. First, in the scenes in which the penguins are having intercourse are only implied. The director only reveals intimate shots of wings and beaks, as tender loving music plays in the background. This parallels the idea of traditional family values, rather than the actual act shown, as if the penguins intercourse is offensive. Furthermore, the film characterizes the penguin family as incomplete unless both parents and the chick are together, seeing that a single parent does not represent a traditional family structure. One scene in the film, a mother penguin loses her chick, Morgan Freeman expresses that the loss is unbearable and the film illustrate s painful flashbacks in reference to the moments that the mother cherishes with her chick. The insinuation of these scenes to many traditional families understandably personifies penguins, as if they are the perfect human. It is unspoken that mothers should only exist for the welfare of their children and family. Somehow a notion has taken root that there is a whole persona that you have to adopt to impress people and convince them you have the perfect family (Ferguson, 148). No individual is perfect, nor is any family by any means. Taking a closer look at this film assists families in evaluating their own family value system. As a scientist Jacquet realized, What I really discovered [in Antarctica] was my desire to be a storyteller, he explains. There are other people there who know the story; there are geologists and physicians and meteorologists and they experience all of this, but I felt like it was really my calling to be able to share this with the outside world (Grady). The film imitates human characteristics, such as the closeness of the family unit. The film portrays the story of the penguins as a love tale, displaying the unconditional love of the family dynamics through sacrifice, discipline, and unconditional love for their children, that we as individuals could learn from. Lastly, the documentary was not scientific in how they depicted the tale of the Emperor penguin. Richard A. Blake, co-director of the film, states You get a sense of these animals following their natural instincts are really exercising virtue that for humans would be quite admirable, he said. I could see it as a statement on monogamy or condemnation of gay marriage or whatever the current agenda is (Miller). By humanizing the story, the audience is able to effectively grasp and sympathize with the lives of the penguins, by association with their own. Conservation and family values are important subjects to Americans today. Both influence their lives in various but important ways. Having good conservation practices and being concerned with the atmosphere will help better our environment and the world for those who are yet to come in the future. Family values affect how people act and react to situations and carry themselves among their families. How a person is raised in their home as a young person up until their adulthood shapes them into who they will become. This then affects how they treat others and how they decide what is wrong or right in society once they are on their own. The documentary, March of the Penguins, is a film that inspires audiences in America to become more environmentally conscious and better their family life and values at home.

Realty Essay -- essays research papers fc

TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 BUSINESS OWNERSHIP†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 FINANCING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 MARKETING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 CONCLUSIONS/ RECCOMENDAITONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 APENCICES APPENDIX I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 APPENDIX II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 APPENDIX III†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦23 APPENDIX IV†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 APPENDIX V†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 Proposal for: â€Å"GREENACRES REALTY† Compiled by BALENTINE SOLUTIONS. 01/03/05 The purpose of this proposal is to provide in depth information, research and knowledge of several different approaches that can be taken into account when deciding on what avenue to pursue for â€Å"Greenacres Realty†. Balentine Solutions trusts that once this proposal has been explored, you will be able to come to a concise decision and your business will be ready for existence. BUSINESS OWNERSHIP There are two possibilities of business ownership and structure that must be considered for Greenacres realty, they are: 1. PARTNERSHIP Partnerships are simple and relatively inexpensive to establish. They can be made up of a minimum of two and a maximum of 20 members. The ability to raise capital becomes somewhat easier with there being a wider choice from personal sources and financial services. Everyone involved brings with them an area of expertise and the business can be sub-divided into specialization. The work load is shared. Partners decide on how profits and/or debts are to be distributed and a contract is drawn up outlining such issues before the business is started, this ensures everyone’s protection. Although a contract is drawn up it must also be understood that partnerships do not have limited liability, thus, if one or more partners are not able to pay a debt, die or decide to break the partnership agreement, it is left upon the shoulders of the remaining members to cover any incurred costs. A partnership does not pay income tax .Each partner records their share of the profit/loss on their indiv idual tax return, however, a separate income tax return must be lodged to report the income of the partnership. Tax return from for partnership see appendix I Partnership agreement see app... ...ners have caused this Agreement of Partnership to be executed on the dates indicated below, effective as of the date indicated above. Partners: {Signatures of partners} The Australian Company Number and the ABN On forming a company, you are issued with an Australian Company Number (ACN) by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. When a company registers for an ABN, the number issued by the Australian Business Registrar is its ACN with two check digits at the beginning: Companies don’t have to quote both the ABN and ACN on documents. Under the Corporations Act, a company is required to show its ACN on all public documents and negotiable instruments. However, companies with an ABN can use the ABN in place of their ACN, on the condition that: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the ABN includes the company’s ACN as the last nine digits, and †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the company quotes the ABN in the same way it quoted its ACN. APPENDIX III newspaper

Light and Darkness in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues :: Sonnys Blues Essays

Light and Darkness in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues In James Baldwin's "Sonny's Blues" the symbolic motif of light and darkness illustrates the painful nature of reality the two characters face as well as the power gained through it. The darkness represents the actuality of life on the streets of the community of Harlem, where there is little escape from the reality of drugs and crime. The persistent nature of the streets lures adolescents to use drugs as a means of escaping the darkness of their lives. The main character, Sonny, a struggling jazz musician, finds himself addicted to heroin as a way of unleashing the creativity and artistic ability that lies within him. While using music as a way of creating a sort of structure in his life, Sonny attempts to step into the light, a life without drugs. The contrasting images of light and darkness, which serve as truth and reality, are used to depict the struggle between Sonny and the narrator in James Baldwin's "Sonny's Blues." The opening paragraph of the story contains a metaphorical passage: "I stared at it in the swinging light of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside"(349). This reference is significant because it is a contrast to the dismal society that the narrator and his brother Sonny live in. The darkness is the portrayal of the community of Harlem that is trapped, in their surroundings by physical, economic, and social barriers. The obvious nature of darkness has overcome the occupants of the Harlem community. The narrator, an algebra teacher, observes a depressing similarity between his students and his brother, Sonny. This is true because the narrator is fearful for his students falling into a life of crime and drugs, as did his brother. The narrator notes that the cruel realities of the streets have taken away the possible light from the lives of his brother and his students. The narrator makes an insigh tful connection between the darkness that Sonny faced and the darkness that the young boys are presently facing. This is illustrated in the following quote: "These boys, now, were living as we'd been living then, they were growing up with a rush and their heads bumped abruptly against the low ceiling of their actual possibilities. Light and Darkness in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues :: Sonny's Blues Essays Light and Darkness in James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues In James Baldwin's "Sonny's Blues" the symbolic motif of light and darkness illustrates the painful nature of reality the two characters face as well as the power gained through it. The darkness represents the actuality of life on the streets of the community of Harlem, where there is little escape from the reality of drugs and crime. The persistent nature of the streets lures adolescents to use drugs as a means of escaping the darkness of their lives. The main character, Sonny, a struggling jazz musician, finds himself addicted to heroin as a way of unleashing the creativity and artistic ability that lies within him. While using music as a way of creating a sort of structure in his life, Sonny attempts to step into the light, a life without drugs. The contrasting images of light and darkness, which serve as truth and reality, are used to depict the struggle between Sonny and the narrator in James Baldwin's "Sonny's Blues." The opening paragraph of the story contains a metaphorical passage: "I stared at it in the swinging light of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside"(349). This reference is significant because it is a contrast to the dismal society that the narrator and his brother Sonny live in. The darkness is the portrayal of the community of Harlem that is trapped, in their surroundings by physical, economic, and social barriers. The obvious nature of darkness has overcome the occupants of the Harlem community. The narrator, an algebra teacher, observes a depressing similarity between his students and his brother, Sonny. This is true because the narrator is fearful for his students falling into a life of crime and drugs, as did his brother. The narrator notes that the cruel realities of the streets have taken away the possible light from the lives of his brother and his students. The narrator makes an insigh tful connection between the darkness that Sonny faced and the darkness that the young boys are presently facing. This is illustrated in the following quote: "These boys, now, were living as we'd been living then, they were growing up with a rush and their heads bumped abruptly against the low ceiling of their actual possibilities.

Role of the Narrative in Miltons Lycidas Essay -- Milton Lycidas Essa

Role of the Narrative in Milton's Lycidas  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper focuses on the role of the narrative in the funeral elegy. To start, the concept of the narratee has been most deeply explored by Gerald Prince from a narratological perspective. Narratology is primary concerned with narrative patterns in fiction. In this regard, any attempt to apply the terminology commonly used in reference to fiction (and prose) to poetry seems problematic. One has to account for the differences or the similarities between the genres in order to put the discussion of the narratee in the elegy into its proper perspective. The current trend leans heavily on Bakhtin's study of the structure of the novel. In the Dialogical Imagination, Bakhtin created a sort of dichotomy between the monologic (poetry) and the dialogic. The novel becomes the site of dialogical discourse par excellence (49). But how valid is a wholesome distinction between genres within which there is so much diversity? Doesn't Bakhtin create a dichotomy which pays little consideration to the possibility of polyphony in specific texts regardless of formal classification? It may be time to consider a literary work not as a predetermined product cast in a deterministic mold, but as a dynamic system that transcends the prevailing assumptions that are supposed to define its identity. The formal definitions can be just external to the composition of the text since we cannot expect the reader to know exactly what the author intended to write without falling into the trap of intentional fallacy. To be sure, readers from different backgrounds can "hear" different voices in a text. Readers who are initiated in a particular literary environment may find the prosodic features they hav... ...enius. The death of Lycidas becomes a "national" tragedy. The principle of substitution works here: the poet who reminds his countrymen of the previous life of a dead poet also pleads for himself, seeks visibility through public discourse. In the context of the scarcity of patronage for poets in the seventeenth-century, a poet like Milton had reason to make such a plea by appealing to the puritanical instincts of an audience that would identify with a chaste genius who died in his integrity. The convoluted metaphor of purity is indeed a "wish-fulfilling dream" as Sacks points out (100). Works Cited Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: U of Texas P, 1992. Prince, Gerald. "Introduction to the Study of the Narratee." Poetique 14 (1973): 177-96 (reprinted in English). Sacks, Peter M. The English Elegy. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1985.   

Pizza Hut Marketing Brief Essay

As a matter of fact, we are rooted in family? literally. Two brothers, mom, and $600 turned into the recipe for the world’s largest pizza company in 1958, when a family friend with the idea of opening a pizza parlor approached the two college-age brothers in Kansas. The concept was relatively new at the time, and the brothers quickly saw the potential of this new enterprise. Borrowing $600 from their mother, they purchased second-hand equipment and rented a small building on a busy intersection in Wichita, Kansas. The result of their efforts was the first Pizza Hut and the foundation for what would become the largest and most successful pizza restaurant in the world. How far Pizza Hut came to be Pizza Hut franchisees exemplify the entrepreneurial spirit, which launched our system back in 1958. Through interest and initiative, the Pizza Hut system was able to develop new territories in the United States and overseas. Today, franchisees and joint-venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’s total units. Our development on the international front is a good indication of the growth that has characterized our system. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968, Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. Today, Pizza Hut operates in more than 100 countries and territories throughout the world. How they do their best Family ties. Another important step in our growth came in 1977 when Pizza Hut was acquired by one of the true giants of international business: PepsiCo, Inc. As part of the PepsiCo corporate family, Pizza Hut shared its leadership position with such fine products as Pepsi-Cola ® brand soft drinks and Frito-Lay ® brand snack foods. In October 1997, PepsiCo spun off the restaurant businesses (Pizza Hut, KFC and Taco Bell), and Tricon was founded. May 16, 2002, Tricon officially became YUM! Brands with the addition of two new brands, Long John Silver’s and A&W. YUM! Brands is now the parent company of Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC, A&W and Long John Silver’s and is the world’s largest restaurant company with more than 34,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries and territories. How they’ve earned their reputation During the past four decades we’ve built a reputation for excellence that has earned us the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized our business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of our heritage, our culture, our people and franchisees, we look forward to even more success in the decades ahead. Welcome to Pizza Hut Philippines! Philippine Pizza Inc. , the franchise owner and operator of Pizza Hut, has 138 restaurants and still growing, here in the Philippines since it began in 1984. Its locations are strategically located from Baguio to Mindanao & are now the country’s most popular pizza restaurant, with its dine-in restaurants, delivery units and express counters. For the more discerning food enthusiast, there’s Pizza Hut Bistro. A breakthrough concept in dining, Pizza Hut Bistro concept offers the best of casual dining, giving you the chance to enjoy the best Italian-American, along with classy ambience and first class service. Today, Pizza Hut serves over a million pizzas a day in more than 12,689 restaurants in 88 countries making it the No. 1 pizza brand in the world. In the Philippines, Pizza Hut began in 1984. It is now the country’s most popular pizza chain serving Metro Manila and surrounding provinces, as well as Visayas and Mindanao with its Dine-In Restaurants, Delivery Units and Express Counters. The Home of Pan Pizza has indeed come a long way. It is still delighting millions of customers with pizza that is like no other – no wonder it’s the world’s favorite. So why don’t you take home to your loved ones one of our world-famous pizzas today? Vision & Mission Integrity is their Core Value At Pizza Hut, our culture reflects our values. This includes a shared vision of who we are and where we’re headed. And it encompasses everything from the way we treat our customers to how we deal with our competitors. One of the most important values within the Pizza Hut culture is integrity. Our people are committed to providing uncompromising quality and to providing service that is personal. In fact, our people strive each day to provide what we call â€Å"customer mania. † We want to give the kind of service that will make our customers tell stories to their family and friends about Pizza Hut. Our commitment to integrity extends to the role we play in the communities we serve. Wanting to instill a lifelong love of reading in children, we created the BOOK IT!  ® National Reading Incentive Program in 1984. This unique program awards a complimentary Personal Pan Pizza ® and special recognition to elementary school children who achieve set reading goals. Former U. S. Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley cited BOOK IT!  ® as the model for corporate/education partnership. Today, 65% of public, private and parochial schools use BOOK IT!  ® in more than 910,000 classrooms. In 2005, more than 22 million children in the U. S. were enrolled in BOOK IT!  ®. Our integrity is also exemplified by how we treat our employees. We invest heavily in our people through skills training and management development. We encourage them to think unconventionally, to take prudent risks to achieve results. And we provide an informal environment with open communication to give them the freedom to make contributions on their own initiative. This is a part of our culture we value highly. We call it â€Å"ownership. † It’s the feeling that comes from knowing you can affect the company’s direction through your expertise, innovative ideas and hard work. And because we give our employees a stake in the company’s success, they take on the kinds of challenges people in other businesses only dream of. Core CompetencyÃ'Ž For me, Pizza Hut’s Core Competency is their very own unique recipe of their pizza. Frank and Dan Carney’s secret of success is that Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own Pizza Hut special tomato sauce, tender meat toppings, crunchy vegetables and a double layer of 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. The reason behind Pizza Hut’s success all over the world is its steadfast belief and uncompromising drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value. Service is an attitude in Pizza Hut. Crew members are trained to make customers feel appreciated. Customers are treated with courtesy, attentiveness, respect, and enthusiasm. Cleanliness is a must in Pizza Hut as much as giving customers the best value for their money. Product Range The most commonly sold food at the restaurants is the â€Å"Pan Pizza†, which usually comes in four different sizes including Personal Pan (which is an individual serving), Small, Medium and Large, although most stores have done away with the small size. They come in a variety of toppings, including â€Å"specialty† styles, which consists of Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, and Super Supreme, which is Pizza Hut’s most expensive pizza. Pan Pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas. Unlike most of Pizza Hut’s competitors (such as Domino’s deep dish or Papa John’s Perfect Pan), Pizza Hut does not charge extra for its pan pizza, except in Poland. In addition to the Pan Pizza they sell garlic cheese bread, which was the idea of a Grand Rapids, Minnesota employee named Mark Bondhus in 1979, Pizza Hut also sells â€Å"Stuffed Crust† (with the outermost edge wrapped around a coil of mozzarella cheese); â€Å"Hand-Tossed† (which is more like traditional pizzeria crusts); â€Å"Thin ‘N Crispy† (a thin and crispy dough which was the original crust); â€Å"Bigfoot†, which is a two-foot by one-foot square cut pizza; and the Dippin’ Strips pizza, which is similar to a Sicilian pizza but is cut into small strips that can be dipped into a number of sauces. Another is the â€Å"Edge† pizza, where the pizza is baked with no puffy crust, and the toppings reach nearly to the edge of the pie. Pizza Hut experiments with new products frequently. Less successful ones have been discontinued. These include Chicago Dish Pizza and Sicilian pizza; the Sicilian Pizza made a 2006 comeback as the Lasagna Pizza. Other products Pizza Hut has offered are the â€Å"P’zone†, Pizza Hut’s version of the calzone; the â€Å"Cheesy Bites†, similar to the â€Å"Stuffed Crust† except the crust has been divided into bite-sized pieces that can be pulled apart; and the â€Å"Insider†, where a layer of cheese is in between two layers of dough. Pizza Hut also has a number of side dishes including bread sticks, cheese sticks, cinnamon sticks, mozzarella sticks, onion rings, hot and mild chicken wings, boneless wings, chicken munchers, jalapeno poppers, and garlic bread. Depending on the individual restaurant size, Pizza Huts also may offer pasta dinners such as Spaghetti and Cavatini – a mixture of Cavatelli (shells), Rotini (spirals), and Rotelle (wheels). They often come with a side of garlic bread. Some Pizza Huts also serve lunch and dinner buffets with numerous types of pizza, breadsticks and pastas, as well as a salad bar. A new, upscale concept was unveiled in 2005, called â€Å"Pizza Hut Italian Bistro†. Unveiled at fifty locations nationwide, the Bistro is similar to a traditional Pizza Hut, except that new pasta dishes are offered, such as penne pasta, chicken pomodoro, toasted sandwiches and other foods. Instead of black, white, and red, Bistro locations feature a burgundy and tan motif. Pizza Hut Bistros still serve the chain’s traditional pizzas and sides as well. Key Officers PIZZA HUT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE SUPPORT MANAGER The Support Manager is part of the management team and will help run our business by either managing shifts or working as a key team member. The key skills required for this role include flexibility, communication, leadership, teamwork and customer service. DEPUTY DESIGNATE MANAGER This is the role in which most new recruits kick off their management careers with us. After completing your initial training, you will take responsibility for key areas of the business, assisting the management on a day-to-day basis. We will look to you to get involved in customer service, team training and development and business controls. DEPUTY MANAGER The Deputy Manager works as part of the management team to ensure that the restaurant operates effectively, meeting sales and profit targets and quality standards. The role is also to assist the manager in ensuring that all the team is recruited and trained to meet all quality and product standards. The Deputy Manager will take responsibility for the restaurant on the shifts that they run and will assist the manager on financial reporting and analysis of the business. RESTAURANT GENERAL MANAGER. The Restaurant General Manager has a responsibility for the running of the restaurant, managing the business as if it were their own: managing the financial side, product ordering, production, quality monitoring, customer service and training and development of staff. Restaurant General Managers can progress on to become Area Managers who manage ten restaurants or more. They can also work on secondments at the Restaurant Support Centre in IT, Training, Marketing and Human Resources. Pizza Hut is committed to recruiting and developing the very best people. We have a strong track record of developing our very best people at every level. In fact all our Managers and half our Area Managers started working for us as trainees. We promote on merit and ability and have an excellent training program to assist in people development. The Training & Development Team: This team aims to support and develop team members to their fullest potential, using various programmes such as the Expert training programme, as well as the Developing Champions training programme for all levels of restaurant management. In addition we invest heavily in the further development of our management population through core and fast track management development programmes and specific technical training. The Recruitment Team: The Recruitment Team is split into two separate teams, one recruiting for management positions within the restaurants and the other recruiting for positions within the Restaurant Support Centre. Both teams work to recruit the right people into the right positions. The Compensation & Benefits Team: This team aims to provide all Pizza Hut (UK) employees with a comprehensive and competitive benefits package, including; fair pay, bonus, health care and pension. The team also works to produce HR policies and procedures, which are in line with UK legislation and manages the employment tribunal process, as well as managing HR information. The HR Operations Team: This is dedicated generalist HR support for the Managers and Team Members working in the restaurants. This team is separated by regions, and aims to support our employees through manpower planning, district compensation and benefits, employee relations, welfare advice and the further development of Customer Mania. The Organisational Development and Communications Team: This team focuses on business communication, organisational development and change. It also aims to support and develop team members to their fullest potential within our Restaurant Support Centre. 2. ) The Product Brand and Logo *Different Pizza Hut Product Logos* Stuffed Crust Pizza ? Launched 1995 The commercial for the Garlic, Herb and Cheese Stuffed Crust Pizza started with Jonathan Ross and Caprice. 135 pizzas were needed to shoot the ad, as fresh pizzas were bought onto the set every 5 minutes. Sicilian Pizza ? Launched 1997 The then Chelsea supremo Ruud Gullit was the big name star to feature in an hilarious Pizza Hut ad. The ad promoted Pizza Hut’s sensational Sicilian pizza ? the first pizza with corners. It only took 7 takes before Ruud was delivering his lines to perfection. It certainly compared favourably with Gareth Southgate, who took 27 takes for just one scene! Grand Pan Pizza ? Launched 1998 Pizza Hut reunited the classic comedy duo ? The Two Ronnies’ in an amusing ad campaign to mark the relaunch of Grand Pan. Ronnie Corbett is seen in the ad devouring a giant pizza, which measured 5 feet in diameter and had to be carried on set by 3 members of the film crew. Over the 5 days it took to shoot the commercial, 6 team members cooked an astonishing 550 Grand Pan pizzas. The Italian ? Launched 1999 In 1999 Pizza Hut launched a new thinner, lighter pizza in the traditional style. Soon it was accounting for 1 in every 4 Pizza Hut pizzas sold. The advertising campaign featured a chef gaining inspiration for the thin pizzas from flattened objects ranging from hats to flying saucers. The Edge ? Launched 2000 In 2000 Pizza Hut took consumers to The Edge with a new pizza which had no crust and loads of toppings all the way to the edge. The advertising captured excitement of the pizza and the unique cut with 16 pieces, which makes it great for sharing. Twisted Crust ? Launched 2001 Twisted Crust is a favourite with a seasoned twisted crust that can be ripped and then dipped into 2 delicious sauces. Pizza Hut invested over ? 3m in a multi media campaign to support the new pizza with advertising on TV, Radio, Outdoors and Print. The Quad ? Launched 2002 In May 2002 Pizza Hut launched the first UK developed new product. The Quad is four delicious pizzas in one, so when you can’t decide?have them all! Pizza Hut invested ? 3. 5m in a multi media campaign to support the new pizza with advertising on TV that featured the infamous Pop Idol Judges. The Big New Yorker ? Launched 2004 Pizza Hut launches its BIGGEST ever pizza! At the BIG value price of just ? 9. 99 it’s a staggering 50% bigger than a large Pizza Hut pizza making it the hottest and widest import since J-Lo first hit the UK shores. 4forALL ? Launched 2005 The 4forALL is 4 delicious square pizzas, individually topped with Pepperoni, Chicken Supreme, Vegetable Supreme and Margherita. It is the perfect product for Pizza Hut as it offers great tasting combinations of toppings to share and engages our customers in an exciting and interactive way. The Dipper ? Launched 2006 The Pizza Hut Dipper is the perfect pizza for sharing, with sixteen pieces which you can dunk, dip, dab and dollop into a selection of delicious dips including BBQ, Sour Cream and Sweet Chilli. Only suitable for people who are deeply dippy about pizza! Cheesy Bites ? Launched 2006 Calling all small kids, big kids, Mums, Dads, sisters and brothers to RIP, POP and SHARE the fun with Pizza Hut’s latest invention ?the new Cheesy Bites pizza. Heralded as Pizza Hut’s most innovative pizza EVER, Cheesy Bites is perfect for popping with 28 delicious cheesy filled bites coated with yummy garlic butter. Production Process A key part of Pizza Hut’s success has come from product innovation. The New Product Development Team runs focus groups with customers to generate ideas for new products. These ideas are then turned into concepts that are then put in front of a customer panel to see how exciting they are. The best concepts are then transformed into actual products ready to be tested by customers. If a product proves popular then it will move into the next stage of the marketing process. The Retail Marketing Team is responsible for creating awareness and bringing the new product to life. Marketing agencies are asked to develop creative ideas for advertising, in store point of sale material, leaflets and online promotion. The Retail Marketing Team are responsible for creating awareness and bringing the new product to life. Marketing agencies are asked to develop creative ideas for advertising, in store point of sale material, leaflets and online promotion. A lot happens behind the scenes to make sure that we achieve another of our values, executional excellence. The Finance team investigates the financial implications; the Operations team check that the idea will work in practice; Supply Chain source the ingredients or kitchen equipment and the HR team conduct training programmes for the teams in store. Pizza Hut adopts a truly integrated approach. Ingredients or Features ?Pizza Hut bought over 8,500 tonnes of cheese ? enough cheese to cover the surface of four football pitches! ? Pizza Hut served 50 million slices of garlic bread ?using approximately 12,500,000 cloves of garlic. ?Pizza Hut uses the equivalent of 525 million pounds of Portuguese tomatoes each year and more than 700 million pounds of pepperoni per year to make its pizzas. ?The cheese found in Pizza Hut’s Stuffed Crust pizza is imported from Wales. ?Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own Pizza Hut special tomato sauce, tender meat toppings, crunchy vegetables and a double layer of 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. ?Pizza can be part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizzas include protein, complex carbohydrates, Vitamin A and calcium. And, depending on the toppings you choose, our pizzas have items from all of the four major food groups – meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables, and grains! Benefits or Advantages ?Their pizzas have Vitamin A and calcium. ?It is now more than just a pizza place. ? It offers a unique casual dining experience that is different from the usual fast-food environment. ?The casual dining restaurant now has an expanded pizza menu, appetizers such as ribs and a new line of desserts, soup options, smoothies, a variety of pasta dishes and a whole lot more. Veering away from plastic and tiles typical of fast-food joints of old, Pizza Hut now has a very classy, casual-dining feel with sleek wooden furniture, warm, ambient lighting, and a touch of whimsy dominating the whole interior. With the new ambience come more customer interaction and service that is made doubly fast and extra friendly. Packaging Their Pizza Boxes and other products have been packed in a unique and modern style of packaging. Price/ Value Pizza Hut Company offers an affordable price that meets the customers’ expectations to the product. Place or Distribution PROPERTY. The role of the property department is to ensure that our growth strategy is fulfilled via: ? Re-imaging current restaurants to keep them contemporary and appealing for both current and new customers. ?Developing new restaurants. These are some key criteria for the site of a new restaurant: 1. It should be in an out of centre location on a retail or leisure park with good parking and accessibility. 2. The tenant mix of the park must be of good quality with the ability to draw from a wide area. 3. Ideally there should be a wide range of users giving both a day and night time activity to the area. 4. The catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. 5. There is good visibility both to the passing traffic and users of the park and corresponding good access to the unit. 6. The park will remain the major draw within its catchment area both now and in the future. 7. There is the opportunity to build a freestanding unit of Pizza Hut’s standard external design. 8. The unit can be standard size, built in line with our standard specification. 9. Ideally there is a 25-year lease with the opportunity for periodic rent reviews and exclusivity of pizza sales on the park. Pizza Hut International Places of Distribution *Pizza Hut restaurants are located throughout the world. Like many international chain restaurants, Pizza Hut locations outside of the United States and Canada offer different menu choices based on food traditions of the local culture. )Andorra, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Hong Kong, Costa Rica, Egypt, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Mexico, Spain, Sri Lanka, UK & Ireland) Promotion History ?(more information are explained in Brand & Logo Category) ? Old in-restaurant ad for Pizza Hut’s Pan Pizza ? Pizza Hut ad with the Muppets ? Pizza Hut â€Å"Dippin’ Strips† ad ?Pizza Hut’s main advertising slogan is â€Å"Gather ’round the good stuff†. Pizza Hut does not have an official international mascot, but at one time, there were commercials in the United States called ‘The Pizza Head Show. ‘ The ads featured a slice of pizza with a face made out of toppings called ‘Pizza Head’. In Australia during the Mid to late 1990s, the advertising mascot was a delivery boy named Dougie, with boyish good looks who, upon delivering pizza to his father, would hear the catchphrase â€Å"Here’s a tip, be good to your mother†. ? In 1994, Donald Trump and ex-wife Ivana Trump starred in a commercial. The ending of the commercial showed Ivana Trump asking for the last slice, to which Donald replied, â€Å"Actually dear, you’re only entitled to half†, a play on the couple’s recent divorce. ?In 1995, Ringo Starr starred in a Pizza Hut commercial which also featured The Monkees. Rush Limbaugh also starred in a Pizza Hut commercial the same year. ?In 1997, former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev starred in a Pizza Hut commercial to raise money for the Perestroyka Archives. In recent years, Pizza Hut has had various celebrity spokespeople, including Jessica Simpson, the Muppets, and Damon Hill and Murray Walker. Recent commercials have Queen Latifah providing the voiceover. Also in 1997, Pizza Hut, reunited â€Å"greatest of all time boxer† Muhamad Ali with trainer Angelo Dundee in a sentimental made for Super Bowl commercial. ?Talk show host, Jonathan Ross, co-starred in an ad with American model, Caprice Bourret. They were used to advertise the stuffed crust pizza, with Jonathan Ross saying â€Å"Stuffed Cwust†, to which is a play on Jonathan’s pronunciation of ‘R’s. Another UK ad shows British Formula One driver Damon Hill visit a Pizza Hut restaurant and order a pizza, with famous F1 commentator Murray Walker visiting with him, and narrating as though it was a Formula One race. As Hill is about to finish his meal, Walker, in a play on Hill’s 1994 & 1995 seasons, shouts â€Å"And Hill finishes second, again! † at which Hill grabs Walker by his shirt and shakes him angrily, Walker proclaiming, in his usual tones, â€Å"He’s lost it! He’s out of control! † ? The 1990 NES game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game, came with a coupon for a free pizza. The game was filled with Pizza Hut advertising and pizza that would refill the character’s life. ?Pizza Hut sponsored the first space pizza delivery in 2001, and paid for their logo to appear on a Russian Proton rocket in 2000. [12] ? In Australia, 2006 saw the introduction of a mascot in Pizza Hut’s advertising – â€Å"Pizza Mutt†, a small dog who delivers pizzas. ?Early 2007 saw Pizza Hut move into several more interactive ways of marketing to the consumer. Utilizing mobile phone SMS technology and their MyHut ordering site, they aired several television commercials (commencing just before the Super Bowl) containing hidden words that viewers could type into their phones to receive coupons. Other innovative efforts included their â€Å"MySpace Ted† campaign, which took advantage of the popularity of social networking, and the burgeoning user-submission marketing movement via their Vice President of Pizza contest. Historical Sales (Arranged from Recent) 2006- Whitbread sells their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd is now 100% owned by Yum! Cheesy Bites is launched! 697 restaurants now in the UK! 154 stores are franchise owned by 61 franchisees. 2005- The 4forALL is launched. Over 600 restaurants now open in the UK. 70 of them are Franchise units 2004- Pizza Hut launches The Big New Yorker 2003- 500 restaurants are now open throughout the UK, employing over 20,000 people. 2002- Tricon Global becomes YUM! Brands Inc. The Quad Pizza is launched in the UK. Pizza Hut opens its 500th restaurant. A & W and Long John Silver’s join the Yum brand. 2001- Pizza Hut begins a franchising programme with its delivery stores 2000- Pizza Hut introduces The Edge, a thin pizza with toppings all the way round the edge 1999- Pizza Hut has over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. The Italian Pizza is launched in the UK 1998- Pan Pizza is relaunched as Grand Pan in the UK 1997- PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants is born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. The Sicilian Pizza is launched in the UK. There are 277 restaurants and 100 delivery stores in the UK 1995- Stuffed Crust is launched in the UK 1994- 10,000 Pizza Huts are open world-wide 1993- There are 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK 1992- There are 9000 restaurants in 84 countries 1990- Pizza Hut reaches Russia. In the UK there are now 200 restaurants 1989- The first restaurant is converted into a Restaurant Based Delivery store 1988- The UK’s first delivery unit opens in Kingsbury, London 1987- An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK 1986- 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 world wide. 1984- 50 restaurants so far in the UK 1982- UK joint venture commences between PepsiCo and Whitbread 1980- Pan Pizza Introduced 1977- PepsiCo buys Pizza Hut 1973- Pizza Hut goes international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opens in Islington, London 1972- 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA 1958- Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas Seasonality Pizza Hut pizzas are made for all seasons. However, minor products can be categorized seasoning. 3. ) The Market Market Demographics & Market Psychographics. (Age, Sex, SEC, Geography, Civil Status, Educational Attainment, Occupation) & ( Mindset, Outlook, Lifestyle, Influences, Media Habits, Consumption Behavior) The role of marketing within Pizza Hut is to ensure that the needs of customers are met whilst ensuring that the business makes money! Pizza Hut has a broad range of customers, as pizza is extremely popular to a wide variety of people. The first task is to understand our consumers by living our first value of customer mania. We invest considerable resources in researching who our customers are and their needs. For our Full Service Restaurants our primary customer segment is families with the need for a special place to share those little everyday moments. For the Home Delivery Service the primary customers are teens and young adults who seek convenience. We also conduct market research to find out what our customers think of the brand, whether they remember the advertising and what their dining experiences have been like. Having identified what the customer needs and wants are from our brand, the Marketing team is responsible for developing new products and new promotions to satisfy these needs and increase sales and profitability. 4.) The Industry Competitors Finance, Market Shares and Comparative Pricing In support of our business goals, the Pizza Hut Finance function is split into three teams: Control, Planning and SCM. The overall role of Financial Control is to ensure that our financial statements are accurate and reflect a true and fair view of our business performance. It ensures that all transactions entered into by Pizza Hut are appropriately recorded. It also has the responsibility to ensure that our assets are protected, through appropriate controls and processes. Within Financial Control, we have teams that are responsible for the following: ? Preparing and reporting accurate data to senior management, Yum and Statutory Bodies ? Supporting the expansion programmes of the Franchising and Business Development teams. ?Analysing variances from Plan and Forecasts to facilitate and influence decision-making. ?Paying over 18,500 employees on a weekly basis and 15,000 employees every four weeks, ensuring the related tax and statutory responsibilities are discharged. ?Paying suppliers who supply food, drink and the services that we need to run our restaurants. ?Treasury and Tax management. ?Insurance and Estates management. ?Loss Prevention. We also have specialised tax expertise to ensure that our Corporation, VAT, PAYE, NI and all relevant tax liabilities to the government is calculated properly. Planning’s role is to ensure that our underlying business performance is analysed and understood, that our business and units have suitably stretching performance targets and that our continual drive to improve our business return is well on track. Structurally, Planning is split into three teams: 1. Business Planning, who manage the total business and individual unit budgeting process, as well as providing commercial analytical support for our operations. 2. Sales & Marketing Planning, who ensure that Marketing initiatives are rigourously evaluated and aligned with our strategic and financial goals. 3. Capital Planning, where our focus on returns is displayed through control of investment processes. SCM is responsible for procurement for food and non-food items and managing the logistics of delivering products from suppliers to the outlets. More specifically this involves: – Supply chain strategy development for both short and long term – Supplier development for both existing and new products. – Negotiating and managing contracts for food suppliers as well as services – Working on cost reduction projects in conjunction with QA and operations – Negotiate and manage distribution contracts and ensure contract delivery performance to outlets remain at certain standards – Support strategic initiatives and cross functional projects like new product launches, promotion management Control, Planning and SCM team members spend much of their time helping other team members in Pizza Hut and in turn are sought out to add commercial and financial advice to the business as we work together in achieving our business goals.